Adjustable wind vane



.1. A. FINA-un ADJUSTABLE WIND VANE July l, 1930.

original Filed June 22. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet l .fn/wl J. m 7 9 .T ,3 2 um MW ,03M M i 2 ww? llii July l, w30- J. A. PINAUD 1,768,784

ADJUSTABLE WIND VANE Original Filed June 22, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Y g@ 4' www July l, 1930. A. PINAUD n l,768,784

ADJUSTABLE WIND VANE Original Filed June 22, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 /3 A *7 A /6 i 30 `tached to the blades as well as the influence neared july 1, i930 ADJUSTABLE- Centinuatipn of application Serial'No. 647,061,

My present invention relates to a form of wind motor intended to be driven bycurrents of air however produced. The motor may be stationary vor moved asa whole in thev course of operation.

Thisapplication is a continuation of my' pending application for improvement in ad-l justable wind vanes, -iiled June 22nd,'1923, VSerial No. 647,061, which became abandoned after the tiling of the present'application.

v The object ofl the present invention is to provide a form of air motor which shall be capable of regulation for` constant speed whatever the speed of the current of air whichl drives it. The motor may be applied to the driving-cf electric generators, pumps, or any other useful purpose. i

Motors. of this kind have been built with attempted regulation depending upon rotation of the Wind bladesupon their-own axes, whereby the'inclinatien of the blades to the air current `is varied to change the speed, but, so faras I am aware, theseefl'orts have not `been successful owing toV certain dis-V turbances of balance, the nature of which I have discovered, and for which my invention supplies a remedy.

It isone object of my invention to supply f means whereby the iniiuence of -masses atof'the blades themselves tending todisturb regulation and arising from centrifugal force may be remedied. p

Another principal object of the invention is the provision of a form of centrifugal governor wherein the force exerted by the governing weights is directly proportinal to the' angular displacement of the blade -about its own axis, this relation being represented by a curve which is virtually a straight line. The force exerted by the opposing spring is also directlyproportional to the angular displacement of the blade about' its own axis, this relation being also represented by a straight line whichmay be practically coincident with the first mentioned curve.

My invention includes certain'other fea-1 tures and advantages vwhic'h are `set forth fully hereinafter. i; Figure 1 is a plan view of complete motor,

`perpemlicular to the paper.

i,76s,7s4

rari-:Nr Aolv-Ferca JOHN A. '.PINAUD, AOIF JERSEY CITY, NEW' JERSEY wmn vana Figure 2 a view of the same in vertical section, Figure`3 a cross sectional view on the line 3-3 in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a similar `sectional View onthe line 4-4 of Fi re 1, andFigures 5, 6 and 7 are diagrams or..'ex' position of the theory of torque balance.:-

Referring to, Figure '5, if any mass, represented by the circle 10, rotates upon an axis 11, supposed to be perpendicular-to the plane of the paper(w h1ch will'thenbe a plane ofrotation) any single particle of the mass, not on the axis of vrotatioIn-,will tend to move in a radial direction in consequence of centrifugal force. The particle 12, for in,"v

mea 'June '22; 192s. rmsapplication' nieu March a1, 192e. Serial No. A98,686. y

be hereinafter referred to as the main axis.

, In -the processA of adjustment of the w-ind` vane'blades about their own axes to vary their angle o'finclination to the plane of rotation the shaft 13' must-be turned', and thel axis upon which this rotation is effected will be lherein termed the blade axis. Thisv axis is at the center of the circle13 and' is v ,l pa er surface represent any material particle xed to the wind vane blades and shaft, and draw the line `13--12 from the blade axis to said particle. As has been shown with respect to Figure 5, the particle 12 will exert a centrifugal pull in the direction indicated by the arrow at right angles Ato 11-11 through 12, and it will'exert a turning moment upon the shaft 13 vwhich is proportional tol sine times cosine of the angle which the lline 13"-12 makes Let the .point 12 on the with the main axis. This turning moment is therefore zero either in the line 11-`11or at right angles to it. It will have a maximum effect at forty-five degrees.

If we now conslder a particle 14 in 'the 40 represented by cle will follow prolongation of the line 12-13 equidistant with 12 from the axis 13, and on the opposite side, it will be seen that such 'a lpartithe same law and its effect will be added to that of the particle-.12. On the other hand', if an equal particle equdistant from the center be considered which is located on the line 13-15 at right angles to the line 12-14 it, will be seen that such a particle, having equal mass with 12, will exactly counterbalance its effect in all positions. This follows around the axis 13 and from the constant equality of they products of the sines and cosines ofthe respective 5 angles since the sine of one angle equals the cosine of the other. v i

It is for this reason that there is no tendency is not the case, however, with any unsymmetrical and unbalanced structure like "a wind vane blade.

In Figure 6 we considered only particles in the plane of the paper (assumed to be the plane of the main axis) but Figure 7 has relation to th@ behavior ofi a particle 12v whichis removed outward `parallel toy shaft 13 toward the extremity of one of the blades on the shaft 13, to a point 12a. Here the main axis 11 is perpendicular to the pa er, and the actual centrifugal tendency wil be proportional to the line 11F-112 (as inpFigure 5). This force is resolvable into two component forces at right angles to each other, one being graphically represented by the line 11-16 along the blade axis, and the other by the line 16-12 The turning .moment exerted upon the .shaft 13` is'still the line 12a- 16 perpendicular to the bladeaxis, and, as this is equal to the similar line 12+11, the moments will be equal. Itis thus-seen that every parti- .cle inthe wind'vane--shaft and blades which is not.inr the blade axis willexert a twining moment tendingto bring such'particle into the lane of rotation around the main axis 11 seey curved arrow in Figure 6).

The tendencies of opposite particles `as y12 and 14 in Figure 6 will be added or will assist eah other, to tend to turn the blades 1n the same direction. On Athe other hand, each'particle of equal 'mass inthe right angle position 15 will havel aV turnin v moment also :i5/ seeking -the-planel of rotation, but byI an' opposed angular movem'ent.l In the sum total of thefinnitesixnplparticles' making .up the bod'ylofthe wlnd vane shaft and b ades there"fw1ll, therefore, be tan unbhlao ancedmass on each side of the blade axis correspgnd-ing tovthe leading and ,trailing portion ofr theblade, the posltion of whose center of ravity can' be determined for eachparticu ar case. Itqis this 'unbalanced lmass l l' 65 on each'side which constantly tendsd to twist for a circular mass of uniform thick-l ness whose axis is the blade axis to exert any, 0 rotative 4effort about the blade ax1s.- Such of rotation about the main axis, and t is is the source of the disturbing effort which has been met with in previous efforts to adjust the inclination of such blades while running. For the purpose of obviating this dstur ing effort my invention involves the provision of a mass or masses so placed as to bal- \ance these unbalanced portions of the wind vane system, that is, to place the wind vane system'in torque balance. i f Referringnow to Figs. 1 4, the end of the sha'ft to be driven is shown at 110 in Figure 2, and this carries the cylindrical head 111 upon the outer surface of which are the bearings 112 of the wind ,vane 115. This shaft 114: is mounted in a well known manner so as to be revoluble within limits for the purpose of adjusting the degree of inclination of the wind vane 115. V

; A helical spring 116 surrounds the shaft '114, and tends constantly to force the transverse in 17 against the head of the adjustable crewthreaded) abutment 18. This latterl is adjusted in practice so as to give and 113.or the shaft 114' the proper initial inclination to the vane 115.

One end of the spring 116 abuts against the pin 19 inserted in the sleeve 20, which, in turn, is xed upon the shaft 114 which it surrounds. The opposite end of the spring abuts against the pin 21 which passes through the two circular flanges 22 and `23 on the cylinder 24, supported revolubly within the bearing 13. In order to hold the cvlinder -24 in a fixed adjustable position, despite the pressure ofthe spring 116, the flange' 23 is 25, one of w ich bears against the collar 26 on the adjustment screw 27.

\, It is a preferredffeature of the invention provided with a series of teeth,-

that each end of the spring should be united firmly (preferably by welding) to the next adjacent convolution of the sprin as indicated at 28 in Figure. 1`. 4 I have ound that lthis removes the adjustment error otherwise introduced by the rubbing of the .free confolution aglainst the statlonary end of the sprin T tal e ect in 'the' devicef.

In order that the tendency to changes of speed in the revolution of the shaft may be counteracted within suitable limits, the inlcipient speed changes are made to set u corresponding changes in the centrifuga force which-operatesa to increase the angle of inclination ofathe wind vane to the lane preventing perfgectr governing: of

1s errorhas a marked detrimen- 5 of rotation. For this purpose, I pre er to shaft 114, through an overhangingsleeve` 33 pro'ecting from the bod 20;

sli y own 1n FigureI 3, thesey governor Weights lie in an appro riate ide 70 well out of the main axis, so t at the1r centrifugal effort exerts a constant pull tending to incline'the vane 115 more and more to the 5` plane of rotation about the main axis, liftf ing the pin 17. of of the abutment 18. y

As has already been vexplained with respect to Figures 5, 6 and 7, the unbalanced parts of the wind vane-and of the elements Jloixedthereto have a tendency to seek the plane of rotation by virtue of their centriugal force, and thisgtendency corresponds theoretically to that exerted by an imaginary body of a definite mass, lying at a definite 5A distance from the adjustment axis. In order to `counteract this tendency l(which I have discovered to interfere greatly with `proper governing action) vI supply Ione or more (preferably t'Wo opposed) .weights whose combined turning moment ,with respectto the adjustment axis is equal that of said imaginary mass and whose center of gravity lies in a line radial with .respect to said axis and at right angles' with the radial line 5 through the centerA of gravity of saidv imaginary mass. ,c It is within thgscope of my invention to utilize one or more correcting masses in this manner., however shaped and located, so long as theyconform substantially to the conditions above laid down. c

In the dparticular preferred construction shownl an formed by cutting the'otherwise cylindical mass along the three planes 4:0, 50 and 60 (see Figures 1 `and 3). a This extension is' shown in plan in Figure 1 and in end view-v 40 in Figure 3` In `the latterview is drawn a dottedcircle circumscribingascentral annular core all of the particles of which are mutually balanced by virtue of the shape of the core. 'All those parts of the extension,

` however,'which lie above and below this dotted circle constitute the equal and cooper- Lating correcting masses which serve for the purpose just described. Owing to the resence of these masses, the disturbing ten ency v of` the wind vane Vto seek to lie in the lane of rotation (due to the causes hereinbe ore discussed) is counteracted,with the result that the governingI weights act without interference or obstruction to produce perfect gov:

/ erni'ng of the device.

'the body 111 and the edge of the cover is For the protection of thfbearings' etc., I

l prefer to employ a cover fitted over the .end

of the supporting body 111 and secured thereon as follows@ shaped (the top being cut away ih Figure 2)) comprises'a thin cylindrical portion 34. rlTwo adjacent lcircular shoulders arev cut ,around the periphery of the upper part of described herein, the two opposed v masses for `this purpose are provided -by- 35 Aforming they body 20 with an extension,

. ,M rIhe cover, which is preferably domefitted .down upon the inner one of these. A fairly large opening is cut. away at 35 to accommodate the base of the wind vane, and, to prevent the lower edges from springing outward at the sides 'of this' opening, a circular ring 36 fits down onto the outer shoulder 4on the bodylll and'closely embraces the lower edge of the cover when in place by screws 37 or other appropriate 'fastenings` Various changeslmay be madein this ap-v paratus without departing from the scope of June 22nd, 1923, and include both the propeller and the wind vane.

What I claim is'- l. In combination with a wind vane of the general characterf described having a rotatably mountedy shaft and ahelical spring surrounding said shaft, a cylindrical body Accordingly my c fixedto said shaft having a vhollow sleeve f overhanging said spring, fiexible connections lying over the periphery of said sleeve and fixed thereto at one end of each exible connection, and governing weights fixed to the freejenxds of said flexible connections.

y 2. In combination `with a wind vane of the general character described having a rotat ably mounted shaft, a spring acting on said shaft in a direction to turn the blade to its starting position, a governing weight, and a iexible connection between said weight and shaft, said weight being arranged to act through said flexible connection tangentially at all times on saideshaft in a direction to turn .it again'stthe action of said spring. 3. An adjustable device comprising a hub memberl `having a main axis, a transverse member having an axis transverse to the main axis, means for pivotally mounting said transverse member on said hub member so that the transverse member is pivotable about its own axis, actuating means responsive to the speed of rotation about sald main axis for changing.y the angular position o said Atransverse member' about its own axis,

`restoringjmeans opposing said actuatmg means, and means lwhereby the force exerted by said actuatlng means and restoring means is. directly proportional tothe angular dis-v placement of said transverse member about its own axis. l t

4C. A wind motor comprising a hub member having a main` axis, a transversebladc having an axis substantially vintersecting the main axis,

' own axis, restorin means opposing said acvtuating means, an

means w ereby the force exerted by said actuating means and restoring means is directly proportional to the angular displacement of said transverse member about its own axis, whereby close regulation ofthe speed of rotation about A the main axis is obtained.

' y necting sai 5. A. wind motor comprising a hub member having a main axis, transverse blade having an axis substantially intersecting the main axis, means for pivotally mounting said transverse blade on said hub member so that the blade is pivotable about its own axis, governing weights, said blade having a cylin rical portion, flexible connections connecting said weights and the periphery of said cylindrical portion whereby said wei hts always act tangentially on said bla e, restorin means for opposing the force exerted y'said governing weights, guides on said hub member for said weights which are'radial with respect to said main axis and perpendicular to the axis of the blade, 4and means including weights for `placing said blade in torque balance about said main axis. A y

6. An adjustable device comprising a hub member having a main axis, a transverse member having an axis substantially intersecting the main axis, means `for pivotally mountingsaid transverse member on said hub member so that the transverse member is ivetable about its own axis, overning weights, said transverse jmember aving a cylindrical iortion, flexible connections conn weights andthe eri hery of said cylindrical portion w ere y said weights always. act tangentially on said transverse member, a coil spring ing the axis of said transverse member and connected thereto and to said hub member, said spring traversing said main axis des on said hub member for said weights which are radial with respect to said main axis and perpendicular to the axis of the transverse member, and ineans for said transverse member in torque about said main'axis. f

7. An adjustable device comprising a hub member having a main axis, a transverse placing alance Vmember having an, axis substantially .inter- ,sectmg' the main axis, means for plvotally ymountingesaid transverse member on said hub mem r so that the transverse member is pivotable about its own axis, av overning 4weight, said) transverse member aving a cylindrical lrtion aiexibleiconnection connecting sai weigh 'force exerted by said governing wei vmounting said t andthe periphery of said cylindrical portion whereby said weight alwa s acts tangentially o n said transverse mem er,'restroring means for opposing the ht, and a guide on said hub memberv for sai weight which is radial -with respect to said main axis and perpendicular to the axis of the transverse member.

8. A wind motor-comprising a hub member having a main axis, a transverse blade member having an axis substantially intersecting the main axis, means for pivotally transverse blade member on the blade member actuating said hub member so that is pivotable about its own axis, means responsive to the speed of rotation about said main axis for changin the angular position of said blade mein er about its own axis and a restoring spring opposin said actuating means disposed across .said main axis so that it is subjected to a minimum of centrifugal force due to rotation about said main axis.

9L'An adjustableMdevice comprising a hub `member having a main axis, a transverse member having an axis substantially intersecting the main axis, means for pivotally mounting said transverse member on said hub member so that the transverse member is pivotable about its own` means responsive to the s ed of rotation about said main axis for c anging'the angular osition of said transverse member about 1ts own axis, a restoring spring oposing said actuating means, said spring ing coiled about the axis of said transverse member and intersecting said main axis.-

Y In testimony whereof I have hereto aiixed my signature on this 30th day of`March,

JOHN ATPINAUD. l

axis, actuating 'surround- 

